saeeyed babak salvatian; kourosh majd salimi; Arzhang Javadi
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine energy consumption in various stages of processing of black tea in tea factories at Guilan province in Iran. Direct energy (thermal energy and electric energy) and indirect energy (man power, depreciation, and lubricants) were measured and evaluated in 9 tea factories; ...
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This study was carried out to determine energy consumption in various stages of processing of black tea in tea factories at Guilan province in Iran. Direct energy (thermal energy and electric energy) and indirect energy (man power, depreciation, and lubricants) were measured and evaluated in 9 tea factories; four factories using diesel fuel and the remaining five used natural gas. The results showed that approximately 70 percent of the energy consumed in tea processing is thermal energy of which 31 percent used in withering and remaining 69 percent used in drying stage. The amount of thermal energy consumed in tea factories with natural gas fuel is about 5 percent less than that in factories used diesel fuel. Electric energy has contributed 28 percent of total energy consumed in production of black tea. Withering, rolling and air heaters used 58.16, 16.58 and 11.39 percent of energy consumption in tea factories, respectively. Man power has contributed the lowest percentage of energy consumption in tea processing. Inappropriate designing, burnout ovens, lack of proper insulation, and improper structures of mechanical parts are responsible for significant energy losses at tea factories. The following steps could help reducing energy consumption in tea processing: installation of new designed furnaces, insulation the present furnaces and drying machines, and improving power supplying systems.
S. Firouzi; H. Aminpanah; D. Tafahomi; M. Gholami; S. B. salavatian
Abstract
A three-phase Delphi study was conducted to identify factors affecting efficiency of tea factories in Gilan Province of, Iran. In this context, 20 experts from the Iranian Tea Organization (ITO) and agricultural offices of Roudsar, Amlash, Langaroud, Lahijan, and Siahkal of Gilan Province were selected ...
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A three-phase Delphi study was conducted to identify factors affecting efficiency of tea factories in Gilan Province of, Iran. In this context, 20 experts from the Iranian Tea Organization (ITO) and agricultural offices of Roudsar, Amlash, Langaroud, Lahijan, and Siahkal of Gilan Province were selected as the members of the research panel. According to the consensus of Gilan’s tea processing experts provision of suitable tea leaves, benefitting from skilled tea and acquisition of well-established and organized factorywill result in 97.17%, 92.44% and 90.37% efficacy in management of tea processing factories respectively.. Further paying attention to cultural practices, particularly pruning and providing adequate fertilization as well as implementation of mechanized irrigation should be regarded and practiced by tea growers as well as Iranian Tea Organization (ITO). Moreover, training and educating the tea processors in tea factories through conduction of educational courses by using experienced educators as well as coordination of supply of tea leaves by producers according to the processing capacity of factories in each region are considered as important factors and are recommended.
